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Network Programming 2014-09-25

2014/09/25 Network Programming Class Note

Memory

User Context
+----------------+
| stack
+----------------+
|
+----------------+
| heap
+----------------+
| uninitialized data
+----------------+
| initialized
| read-write
| data
+----------------+
|
+----------------+
|
+----------------+
|
+----------------+

Arguments

  • argv’s last element “points” to null (?)
  • envp

Users and Groups

Effective User ID

  • elevate privilege temporarily
  • seteuid(), e.g. /usr/bin/passwd

System Call

  • system call: trap
  • library function: pointer
  • 無法 set break point at system call (?)
  • Use system call frequently may cause performance of the program degrade significantly, unlike library function call

File Model in Unix

  • discriptor table: one per process
Process
FD Table
+---------+
| stdin   | -------> +---------+
+---------+          | console |
| stdout  |          +---------+
+---------+
| stderr  |
+---------+
| file... | -------> +-----------+ -------> +------+
+---------+          | file      |          | file |
| file... |          | internal  |          +------+
+---------+          | structure |
| ...     |          +-----------+
+---------+
  • File internal structure 包含檔案讀到哪裡的 pointer, etc.
  • start over

Signal Model

  • kill(int pid, int sig): conceptually is “signal” we learned
  • signal(int sig,, void (*func)(int)): setting signal handler

Being Interrupt while Handling a Signal

Old

|  ^  ^
| /| /|
|/ v/ |
|\    |
| \   v
|  \  |
|   \_|
|
v

New: concatenate

Pause

  • The sigblock() and sigsetmask() functions return the previous set of masked signals
  • sigpause()

Fork

  • Child process has

    • A new pid
    • A different parent pid
    • A copy of parent’s FD table
      • does not copy file internal structure
      • 若 parent 有 read file，child 會接著目前 pointer 讀下去
      • Solution: close file, only one open left

  • fork() return value

    • child: 0
    • parent: child’s pid
    • error: -1